Allergic rhinitis, perennial: Oral:
Infants ≥6 months and Children ≤5 years: 1.25 mg once daily (in the evening); maximum daily dose: 1.25 mg/day; Note: In children >2 years, dosing based on previous FDA approved manufacturer labeling (Xyzal prescribing information January 2016)
Children ≥6 years and Adolescents: Note: Dosing based on previous FDA approved manufacturer labeling (Xyzal prescribing information January 2016):
6 to 11 years: 2.5 mg once daily (in the evening); maximum daily dose: 2.5 mg/day
≥12 years: 5 mg once daily (in the evening); some patients may experience relief of symptoms with 2.5 mg once daily
Hay fever and other respiratory allergies: OTC labeling: Oral:
Children 2 to 5 years: 1.25 mg once daily (in the evening); maximum daily dose: 1.25 mg/day
Children 6 to 11 years: 2.5 mg once daily (in the evening); maximum daily dose: 2.5 mg/day
Children ≥12 years and Adolescents: 2.5 to 5 mg once daily (in the evening); dose based on symptom severity; maximum daily dose: 5 mg/day
Urticaria, chronic: Oral:
Infants ≥6 months and Children ≤5 years: 1.25 mg once daily (in the evening); maximum daily dose: 1.25 mg/day
Children 6 to 11 years: 2.5 mg once daily (in the evening); maximum daily dose: 2.5 mg/day
Children ≥12 years and Adolescents: 5 mg once daily (in the evening); some patients may experience relief of symptoms with 2.5 mg once daily
Dosage adjustment for concomitant therapy: Significant drug interactions exist, requiring dose/frequency adjustment or avoidance. Consult drug interactions database for more information.
Allergic perennial rhinitis, chronic urticaria:
Infants ≥6 months and Children ≤11 years: Contraindicated with any degree of renal impairment.
Children ≥12 years and Adolescents:
CrCl >80 mL/minute: No adjustment necessary
CrCl 50 to 80 mL/minute: 2.5 mg once daily
CrCl 30 to 50 mL/minute: 2.5 mg once every other day
CrCl 10 to 30 mL/minute: 2.5 mg twice weekly (every 3 or 4 days)
CrCl <10 mL/minute or on hemodialysis: Contraindicated
Hemodialysis: Nondialyzable
Hay fever and other respiratory allergies (OTC): Children ≥2 years and Adolescents: Use is not recommended.
Infants ≥6 months, Children, and Adolescents: No dosage adjustment necessary.
(For additional information see "Levocetirizine: Drug information")
Allergic rhinitis (OTC only): Oral: 5 mg once daily (in the evening); some patients with less severe symptoms may experience relief with 2.5 mg once daily; maximum dose: 5 mg/day.
Urticaria, new onset (off-label use) and chronic spontaneous (labeled use):
New onset: Oral: Initial: 5 mg once daily. If symptom control is inadequate, may immediately increase to 5 mg twice daily (Asero 2021).
Chronic spontaneous: Oral: Initial: 5 mg once daily. If symptom control is inadequate, may increase in 5 mg/day increments every 1 to 4 weeks up to 10 mg twice daily; periodically reevaluate necessity for continued treatment (EAACI [Zuberbier 2018]; Khan 2021; Staevska 2010).
Dosage adjustment for concomitant therapy: Significant drug interactions exist, requiring dose/frequency adjustment or avoidance. Consult drug interactions database for more information.
The renal dosing recommendations are based upon the best available evidence and clinical expertise. Senior Editorial Team: Bruce Mueller, PharmD, FCCP, FASN, FNKF; Jason Roberts, PhD, BPharm (Hons), B App Sc, FSHP, FISAC; Michael Heung, MD, MS.
CrCl >80 mL/minute: No dosage adjustment necessary.
CrCl 50 to 80 mL/minute: 2.5 mg once daily.
CrCl 30 to 50 mL/minute: 2.5 mg once every other day.
CrCl 10 to 30 mL/minute: 2.5 mg twice weekly (every 3 or 4 days).
CrCl <10 mL/minute: Use is contraindicated.
Hemodialysis, intermittent (thrice weekly): Nondialyzable (<10% with 4-hour dialysis session): Use is contraindicated.
Peritoneal dialysis: Use is contraindicated (expert opinion).
No dosage adjustment necessary.
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Solution, Oral, as dihydrochloride:
Xyzal Allergy 24HR Childrens: 2.5 mg/5 mL (148 mL) [alcohol free, dye free; contains methylparaben, propylparaben, saccharin; tutti-frutti flavor]
Generic: 2.5 mg/5 mL (118 mL, 148 mL)
Tablet, Oral, as dihydrochloride:
Allergy Relief: 5 mg [scored]
Xyzal Allergy 24HR: 5 mg [scored]
Generic: 5 mg
Yes
Oral: Administer without regard to food in the evening.
Oral: Administer in the evening with or without food. Use an accurate measuring device for the oral solution; a household teaspoon is not an accurate measuring device.
Xyzal: Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted between 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F).
Xyzal (OTC): Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F)
Prescription products: Relief of symptoms associated with perennial allergic rhinitis (FDA approved in ages 6 months to 2 years); treatment of the uncomplicated skin manifestations of chronic idiopathic urticaria (FDA approved in ages ≥6 months and adults)
OTC products: Relief of symptoms associated with hay fever and other respiratory allergies (oral syrup: FDA approved in ages ≥2 years and <65 years; tablets: FDA approved in ages ≥6 years and <65 years). Note: Approved ages and uses for generic products may vary; consult labeling for specific information.
Levocetirizine may be confused with cetirizine
The following adverse drug reactions and incidences are derived from product labeling unless otherwise specified.
>10%: Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea (infants: 13%; children: 4%)
1% to 10%:
Central nervous system: Drowsiness (3% to 6%), fatigue (adolescents and adults: 4%)
Gastrointestinal: Constipation (infants: 7%), vomiting (4%), xerostomia (adolescents and adults: 2% to 3%)
Otic: Otitis media (children: 3%)
Respiratory: Nasopharyngitis (adolescents and adults: 4% to 6%), cough (children: 3%), epistaxis (children: 2%), pharyngitis (adolescents and adults: 2%)
Miscellaneous: Fever (children: 4%)
Frequency not defined: Neuromuscular & skeletal: Weakness
<1%, postmarketing, and/or case reports: Aggressive behavior, agitation, anaphylaxis, angioedema, arthralgia, blurred vision, depression, dizziness, dysgeusia, dyspnea, dysuria, edema, febrile seizures, fixed drug eruption, hallucination, hepatitis, hypersensitivity reaction, increased appetite, increased serum bilirubin, increased serum transaminases, insomnia, movement disorder (including dystonia and oculogyric crisis), myalgia, nausea, nightmares, palpitations, paresthesia, pruritus, seizure, skin rash, suicidal ideation, syncope, tachycardia, tremor, urinary retention, urticaria, vertigo, visual disturbances, weight gain
Known hypersensitivity to levocetirizine, cetirizine, or any component of the formulation; end-stage renal disease (CrCl <10 mL/minute); hemodialysis; infants and children 6 months to 11 years of age with renal impairment
Concerns related to adverse effects:
• CNS depression: May cause CNS depression, which may impair physical or mental abilities; patients must be cautioned about performing tasks which require mental alertness (eg, operating machinery or driving).
• Pruritus: Rebound pruritus may occur within several days after stopping cetirizine, usually after long-term (eg, months to years) use.
Disease-related concerns:
• Renal impairment: Levocetirizine is excreted primarily by the kidneys; use with caution in adults with mild to severe renal impairment; dosage adjustments may be needed. Use is contraindicated in end-stage renal disease (CrCl <10 mL/minute), patients undergoing hemodialysis, and in infants and children 6 months to 11 years of age with renal impairment.
• Urinary retention: Urinary retention may occur; use with caution in patients with increased risk of urinary retention (including spinal cord lesions or prostatic hyperplasia); discontinue if urinary retention occurs.
Special populations:
• Elderly: Use with caution in the elderly.
Safety and efficacy for the use of cough and cold products in pediatric patients <4 years of age is limited; the AAP warns against the use of these products for respiratory illnesses in young children. Serious adverse effects including death have been reported. Many of these products contain multiple active ingredients, increasing the risk of accidental overdose when used with other products. Health care providers are reminded to ask caregivers about the use of OTC cough and cold products in order to avoid exposure to multiple medications containing the same ingredient (AAP 2018; CDC 2007; FDA 2017; FDA 2018).
None known.
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. Anticholinergic Agents may diminish the therapeutic effect of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Aclidinium: May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. Risk X: Avoid combination
Alcohol (Ethyl): CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Alcohol (Ethyl). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Alizapride: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Amantadine: May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Amezinium: Antihistamines may enhance the stimulatory effect of Amezinium. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Amphetamines: May diminish the sedative effect of Antihistamines. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Anticholinergic Agents: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of other Anticholinergic Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Azelastine (Nasal): May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Risk X: Avoid combination
Benzylpenicilloyl Polylysine: Antihistamines may diminish the diagnostic effect of Benzylpenicilloyl Polylysine. Management: Suspend systemic H1 antagonists for benzylpenicilloyl-polylysine skin testing and delay testing until systemic antihistaminic effects have dissipated. A histamine skin test may be used to assess persistent antihistaminic effects. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Betahistine: Antihistamines may diminish the therapeutic effect of Betahistine. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Blonanserin: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Blonanserin. Management: Use caution if coadministering blonanserin and CNS depressants; dose reduction of the other CNS depressant may be required. Strong CNS depressants should not be coadministered with blonanserin. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Botulinum Toxin-Containing Products: May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Brexanolone: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Brexanolone. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Brimonidine (Topical): May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Bromopride: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Bromperidol: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Risk X: Avoid combination
Buprenorphine: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Buprenorphine. Management: Consider reduced doses of other CNS depressants, and avoiding such drugs in patients at high risk of buprenorphine overuse/self-injection. Initiate buprenorphine at lower doses in patients already receiving CNS depressants. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Cannabinoid-Containing Products: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the tachycardic effect of Cannabinoid-Containing Products. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Cannabinoid-Containing Products: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Cannabinoid-Containing Products. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Chloral Betaine: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Chlormethiazole: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Management: Monitor closely for evidence of excessive CNS depression. The chlormethiazole labeling states that an appropriately reduced dose should be used if such a combination must be used. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Chlorphenesin Carbamate: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Cimetropium: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the anticholinergic effect of Cimetropium. Risk X: Avoid combination
CloZAPine: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the constipating effect of CloZAPine. Management: Consider alternatives to this combination whenever possible. If combined, monitor closely for signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal hypomotility and consider prophylactic laxative treatment. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
CNS Depressants: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of other CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Daridorexant: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Management: Dose reduction of daridorexant and/or any other CNS depressant may be necessary. Use of daridorexant with alcohol is not recommended, and the use of daridorexant with any other drug to treat insomnia is not recommended. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Difelikefalin: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Dimethindene (Topical): May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Doxylamine: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Management: The manufacturer of Diclegis (doxylamine/pyridoxine), intended for use in pregnancy, specifically states that use with other CNS depressants is not recommended. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Droperidol: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Management: Consider dose reductions of droperidol or of other CNS agents (eg, opioids, barbiturates) with concomitant use. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Eluxadoline: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the constipating effect of Eluxadoline. Risk X: Avoid combination
Esketamine: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Flunitrazepam: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Flunitrazepam. Management: Reduce the dose of CNS depressants when combined with flunitrazepam and monitor patients for evidence of CNS depression (eg, sedation, respiratory depression). Use non-CNS depressant alternatives when available. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Gastrointestinal Agents (Prokinetic): Anticholinergic Agents may diminish the therapeutic effect of Gastrointestinal Agents (Prokinetic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Glucagon: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Glucagon. Specifically, the risk of gastrointestinal adverse effects may be increased. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Glycopyrrolate (Oral Inhalation): Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the anticholinergic effect of Glycopyrrolate (Oral Inhalation). Risk X: Avoid combination
Glycopyrronium (Topical): May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. Risk X: Avoid combination
Hyaluronidase: Antihistamines may diminish the therapeutic effect of Hyaluronidase. Risk C: Monitor therapy
HydrOXYzine: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Ipratropium (Oral Inhalation): May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. Risk X: Avoid combination
Itopride: Anticholinergic Agents may diminish the therapeutic effect of Itopride. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Kava Kava: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Kratom: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Risk X: Avoid combination
Lemborexant: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Management: Dosage adjustments of lemborexant and of concomitant CNS depressants may be necessary when administered together because of potentially additive CNS depressant effects. Close monitoring for CNS depressant effects is necessary. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Levosulpiride: Anticholinergic Agents may diminish the therapeutic effect of Levosulpiride. Risk X: Avoid combination
Lisuride: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Lofexidine: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Magnesium Sulfate: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Methotrimeprazine: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Methotrimeprazine. Methotrimeprazine may enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Management: Reduce the usual dose of CNS depressants by 50% if starting methotrimeprazine until the dose of methotrimeprazine is stable. Monitor patient closely for evidence of CNS depression. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Metoclopramide: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor therapy
MetyroSINE: CNS Depressants may enhance the sedative effect of MetyroSINE. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Mianserin: May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Minocycline (Systemic): May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Mirabegron: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Mirabegron. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Nitroglycerin: Anticholinergic Agents may decrease the absorption of Nitroglycerin. Specifically, anticholinergic agents may decrease the dissolution of sublingual nitroglycerin tablets, possibly impairing or slowing nitroglycerin absorption. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Olopatadine (Nasal): May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Risk X: Avoid combination
Opioid Agonists: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Opioid Agonists. Management: Avoid concomitant use of opioid agonists and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants when possible. These agents should only be combined if alternative treatment options are inadequate. If combined, limit the dosages and duration of each drug. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Orphenadrine: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Orphenadrine. Risk X: Avoid combination
Oxatomide: May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. Risk X: Avoid combination
Oxomemazine: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Risk X: Avoid combination
Oxybate Salt Products: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Oxybate Salt Products. Management: Consider alternatives to this combination when possible. If combined, dose reduction or discontinuation of one or more CNS depressants (including the oxybate salt product) should be considered. Interrupt oxybate salt treatment during short-term opioid use Risk D: Consider therapy modification
OxyCODONE: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of OxyCODONE. Management: Avoid concomitant use of oxycodone and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants when possible. These agents should only be combined if alternative treatment options are inadequate. If combined, limit the dosages and duration of each drug. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Paraldehyde: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Paraldehyde. Risk X: Avoid combination
Perampanel: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Piribedil: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Piribedil. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Pitolisant: Antihistamines may diminish the therapeutic effect of Pitolisant. Risk X: Avoid combination
Potassium Chloride: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the ulcerogenic effect of Potassium Chloride. Management: Patients on drugs with substantial anticholinergic effects should avoid using any solid oral dosage form of potassium chloride. Risk X: Avoid combination
Potassium Citrate: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the ulcerogenic effect of Potassium Citrate. Risk X: Avoid combination
Pramipexole: CNS Depressants may enhance the sedative effect of Pramipexole. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Pramlintide: May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. These effects are specific to the GI tract. Risk X: Avoid combination
Ramosetron: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the constipating effect of Ramosetron. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Revefenacin: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the anticholinergic effect of Revefenacin. Risk X: Avoid combination
Ropeginterferon Alfa-2b: CNS Depressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Ropeginterferon Alfa-2b. Specifically, the risk of neuropsychiatric adverse effects may be increased. Management: Avoid coadministration of ropeginterferon alfa-2b and other CNS depressants. If this combination cannot be avoided, monitor patients for neuropsychiatric adverse effects (eg, depression, suicidal ideation, aggression, mania). Risk D: Consider therapy modification
ROPINIRole: CNS Depressants may enhance the sedative effect of ROPINIRole. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Rotigotine: CNS Depressants may enhance the sedative effect of Rotigotine. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Rufinamide: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of CNS Depressants. Specifically, sleepiness and dizziness may be enhanced. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Secretin: Anticholinergic Agents may diminish the therapeutic effect of Secretin. Management: Avoid concomitant use of anticholinergic agents and secretin. Discontinue anticholinergic agents at least 5 half-lives prior to administration of secretin. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Suvorexant: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Suvorexant. Management: Dose reduction of suvorexant and/or any other CNS depressant may be necessary. Use of suvorexant with alcohol is not recommended, and the use of suvorexant with any other drug to treat insomnia is not recommended. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Thalidomide: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Thalidomide. Risk X: Avoid combination
Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics: Anticholinergic Agents may increase the serum concentration of Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Tiotropium: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the anticholinergic effect of Tiotropium. Risk X: Avoid combination
Topiramate: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Topiramate. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Trimeprazine: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Umeclidinium: May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. Risk X: Avoid combination
Valerian: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Zolpidem: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Zolpidem. Management: Reduce the Intermezzo brand sublingual zolpidem adult dose to 1.75 mg for men who are also receiving other CNS depressants. No such dose change is recommended for women. Avoid use with other CNS depressants at bedtime; avoid use with alcohol. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Guidelines for the use of antihistamines in the treatment of allergic rhinitis or urticaria in pregnancy are generally the same as in nonpregnant females. Second generation antihistamines may be used for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria during pregnancy; however, information related to the use of levocetirizine in pregnancy is limited and other medications may be preferred (BSACI [Scadding 2017]; BSACI [Powell 2015]; Zuberbier 2018).
Levocetirizine is the active enantiomer of cetirizine; refer to the cetirizine monograph for additional information.
Levocetirizine is an antihistamine which selectively competes with histamine for H1-receptor sites on effector cells in the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels, and respiratory tract. Levocetirizine, the active enantiomer of cetirizine, has twice the binding affinity at the H1-receptor compared to cetirizine.
Onset of action: 1 hour (Devillier 2008)
Duration: 24 hours (Devillier 2008)
Absorption: Rapid and extensive
Distribution: Vd: Children 1 to 2 years: Oral solution: 0.37 ± 0.06 L/kg (Cranswick 2005); Children 6 to 11 years: Oral tablet: 0.4 ± 0.02 L/kg (Simons 2005); Adults: ~0.4 L/kg
Protein binding: 91% to 92%
Metabolism: Minimal (<14%); via aromatic oxidation, N and O-dealkylation (via CYPA4), and taurine conjugation
Half-life elimination: Children 1 to 2 years: Oral solution: 4.09 ± 0.67 hours (Cranswick 2005); Children 6 to 11 years: Oral tablet: 5.7 ± 0.2 hours (Simons 2005); Adults: ~8 to 9 hours
Time to peak, plasma: Children 1 to 2 years: Oral solution: Median: 1 hour (range: 1 to 6 hours) (Cranswick 2005); Children 6 to 11 years: Oral tablet: 1.2 ± 0.2 hours (Simons 2005); Adults: Oral solution: 0.5 hours, Tablet: 0.9 hours
Excretion: Urine (85.4 %); feces (12.9%)
Clearance: Children 1 to 2 years: Oral solution: 1.05 ± 0.1 mL/minute/kg (Cranswick 2005); Children 6 to 11 years: Oral tablet: 0.82 ± 0.05 mL/minute/kg (Simons 2005); Adults: 0.63 mL/kg/minute
Renal function impairment: In patients with mild, moderate, severe renal impairment, and end-stage renal disease, the AUC increased by 1.8, 3.2, 4.3, and 5.7-fold, respectively, and the half-life increased by 1.4, 2, 2.9, and 4-fold, respectively.
Geriatric: Total body Cl was approximately 33% lower in 9 elderly subjects, compared with younger adults.
Gender: Half-life was slightly shorter in women than in men; however, the body weight–adjusted oral Cl in women appears to be comparable with that in men.
Solution (Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride Oral)
2.5 mg/5 mL (per mL): $0.62
Solution (Xyzal Allergy 24HR Childrens Oral)
2.5 mg/5 mL (per mL): $0.07
Tablets (Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride Oral)
5 mg (per each): $0.24 - $3.08
Tablets (Xyzal Allergy 24HR Oral)
5 mg (per each): $0.70
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