Introduction — This topic includes links to society and government-sponsored guidelines from selected countries and regions around the world. We will update these links periodically; newer versions of some guidelines may be available on each society's website. Some societies may require users to log in to access their guidelines.
The recommendations in the following guidelines may vary from those that appear in UpToDate topic reviews. Readers who are looking for UpToDate topic reviews should use the UpToDate search box to find the relevant content.
Links to related guidelines are provided separately. (See "Society guideline links: Cervical spine injury" and "Society guideline links: General issues of trauma management in adults" and "Society guideline links: Thoracic trauma".)
International
●A clinical practice guideline for the management of patients with acute spinal cord injury (2017)
•Recommendations on the timing (≤24 hours versus >24 hours) of decompressive surgery
•Recommendations on the type and timing of anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis
•Recommendations on the type and timing of rehabilitation
•Recommendations on the use of methylprednisolone sodium succinate
United States
•Operative versus nonoperative treatment
•Prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolic events
•Timing of surgical intervention
●Wilderness Medical Society (WMS): Clinical practice guidelines for spinal cord protection (2019)
●American College of Radiology (ACR): ACR Appropriateness Criteria management of vertebral compression fractures (revised 2018)
●ACR: ACR Appropriateness Criteria suspected spine trauma (revised 2018)
United Kingdom
●NICE: Guideline on spinal injury – Assessment and initial management (2016)
●NICE: Interventional procedures guidance on balloon kyphoplasty for vertebral compression fractures (2006)
Japan
●[In Japanese] Japanese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine (JARM): Japanese guidelines for pulmonary rehabilitation of neuromuscular disease and spinal cord injury (2014)