Burns: Topical:
Cream: Infants, Children, and Adolescents: Apply once or twice daily with a sterile-gloved hand; apply to a thickness of approximately 1/16 inch; the burned area should be covered with cream at all times.
Solution (5%): Infants ≥3 months, Children, and Adolescents: Cover graft area with 1 layer of fine mesh gauze. Wet an 8-ply burn dressing with mafenide solution and cover graft area. Keep dressing wet using syringe or irrigation tubing every 4 hours (or as necessary), or by moistening dressing every 6 to 8 hours (or as necessary). Irrigation dressing should be secured with bolster dressing and wrapped as appropriate. May leave dressings in place for up to 5 days.
Dosage adjustment for concomitant therapy: Significant drug interactions exist, requiring dose/frequency adjustment or avoidance. Consult drug interactions database for more information.
There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling; use caution, accumulation of parent drug and metabolite may enhance carbonic anhydrase inhibition.
There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling.
(For additional information see "Mafenide: Drug information")
Burn treatment: Topical:
Cream: Apply once or twice daily with a sterile-gloved hand; apply to a thickness of approximately 1/16 inch (thicker application is not recommended). The burned area should be covered with cream at all times. Continue treatment until healing is progressing well or the burn site is ready for grafting.
Powder for solution: Wet an 8-ply burn dressing with solution and cover graft area. Keep dressing wet using syringe or irrigation tubing every 4 hours (or as necessary) or by moistening dressing every 6 to 8 hours (or as necessary). Continue treatment until autograft vascularization occurs and healing is progressing; may leave dressings in place for ≤5 days.
Dosage adjustment for concomitant therapy: Significant drug interactions exist, requiring dose/frequency adjustment or avoidance. Consult drug interactions database for more information.
There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling; use caution, accumulation of parent drug and metabolite may enhance carbonic anhydrase inhibition.
There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling.
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling. [DSC] = Discontinued product
Cream, External, as acetate [strength expressed as base]:
Sulfamylon: 85 mg/g (56.7 g, 453.6 g) [contains cetyl alcohol, edetate (edta) disodium, methylparaben, propylparaben, sodium metabisulfite]
Sulfamylon: 85 mg/g (56.7 g [DSC], 113.4 g [DSC], 453.6 g [DSC]) [contains methylparaben, propylparaben, sodium metabisulfite]
Packet, External, as acetate:
Sulfamylon: 50 g (1 ea, 5 ea)
Generic: 50 g (1 ea, 5 ea)
May be product dependent
For topical use only.
Topical:
Cream: Apply to cleansed, debrided, burned area with a sterile-gloved hand. Keep burn area covered with cream at all times.
Solution: Cover affected area with gauze and the dressing wetted with mafenide solution; wound dressing may be left undisturbed for up to 5 days.
Topical:
Cream: For external use only. Keep burn area covered with cream at all times. Dressings are typically not required however if necessary only a thin layer of dressings should be used. Apply to clean debrided area with a sterile gloved hand. Apply to a thickness of approximately 1/16 inch (thicker application is not recommended). Do not discontinue therapy if there is a possibility of infection. If possible, patient should bathe daily to aid debridement (eg, whirlpool bath, shower, or bathed in bed).
Powder for solution: For external use only. Cover graft area with 1 layer of fine mesh gauze. Wet an 8-ply burn dressing with solution until leaking is noticeable and cover graft area. Keep dressing wet using syringe or irrigation tubing or by moistening dressing. Irrigation tubing should be placed over burn dressing in contact with the wound; use an additional 8-ply dressing to cover. Irrigation dressing should be secured with bolster dressing and wrapped as appropriate.
Cream: Avoid exposure to excessive heat (>40°C [>104°F]).
Powder for solution: Prior to reconstitution, store powder at 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F). Store prepared solution at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted between 15°C and 30°C (59°F and 86°F). May store at 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) for limited periods. Solution may be stored in unopened containers for up to 28 days; once container is open, discard unused portion within 48 hours.
Topical:
Cream: Adjunct in the treatment of second and third degree burns (FDA approved in pediatric patients [age not specified] and adults)
Solution: Adjunctive antibacterial agent for use under moist dressings over meshed autografts on excised burn wounds (FDA approved in ages ≥3 months and adults)
The following adverse drug reactions and incidences are derived from product labeling unless otherwise specified. Frequency not defined.
Cardiovascular: Edema, facial edema
Dermatologic: Erythema, maceration, pruritus, rash, urticaria
Endocrine & metabolic: Hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis
Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea (following accidental ingestion)
Hematologic: Bleeding, bone marrow suppression, DIC, eosinophilia, hemolytic anemia, porphyria
Local: Blisters, burning sensation, excoriation, pain
Respiratory: Dyspnea, hyperventilation, pCO2 decreased, tachypnea
Miscellaneous: Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity to mafenide or any component of the formulation
Concerns related to adverse effects:
• Acid-base imbalance: Mafenide and its metabolite inhibit carbonic anhydrase; metabolic acidosis may occur. Symptoms may include compensatory hyperventilation; risk is increased in patients with impaired renal function. Some patients experience masked hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis; etiology is unknown. Monitor acid-base balance, especially in patients with extensive second-degree or partial-thickness burns and in patients with pulmonary or renal dysfunction.
• Sulfonamide allergy: Chemical similarities are present among sulfonamides, sulfonylureas, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, thiazides, and loop diuretics (except ethacrynic acid). Use in patients with sulfonamide allergy is specifically contraindicated in product labeling, however, a risk of cross-reaction exists in patients with allergy to any of these compounds; avoid use when previous reaction has been severe.
• Superinfection: Prolonged use may result in fungal or bacterial superinfection, including C. difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) and pseudomembranous colitis; CDAD has been observed >2 months postantibiotic treatment.
Disease-related concerns:
• G6PD deficiency: Use caution in patients with G6PD deficiency; hemolytic anemia with DIC (including fatalities) has been reported with use, presumably related to G6PD deficiency.
• Renal impairment: Use with caution in burn patients with acute renal impairment; accumulation of parent drug and metabolite may enhance carbonic anhydrase inhibition and increase risk of metabolic acidosis.
Dosage forms specific issues:
• Sulfites: Some dosage forms contain sulfites which may cause allergic-type reactions (including anaphylaxis) as well as life-threatening or less severe asthmatic episodes in certain individuals; consider discontinuation of therapy if allergic reactions occur.
None known.
BCG (Intravesical): Antibiotics may diminish the therapeutic effect of BCG (Intravesical). Risk X: Avoid combination
BCG Vaccine (Immunization): Antibiotics may diminish the therapeutic effect of BCG Vaccine (Immunization). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Cholera Vaccine: Antibiotics may diminish the therapeutic effect of Cholera Vaccine. Management: Avoid cholera vaccine in patients receiving systemic antibiotics, and within 14 days following the use of oral or parenteral antibiotics. Risk X: Avoid combination
Dapsone (Topical): May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Antibiotics may diminish the therapeutic effect of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Lactobacillus and Estriol: Antibiotics may diminish the therapeutic effect of Lactobacillus and Estriol. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Local Anesthetics: Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Local Anesthetics. Specifically, the risk for methemoglobinemia may be increased. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Nitric Oxide: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents. Combinations of these agents may increase the likelihood of significant methemoglobinemia. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Prilocaine: Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Prilocaine. Combinations of these agents may increase the likelihood of significant methemoglobinemia. Management: Monitor patients for signs of methemoglobinemia (e.g., hypoxia, cyanosis) when prilocaine is used in combination with other agents associated with development of methemoglobinemia. Avoid lidocaine/prilocaine in infants receiving such agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Sodium Nitrite: Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Sodium Nitrite. Combinations of these agents may increase the likelihood of significant methemoglobinemia. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Sodium Picosulfate: Antibiotics may diminish the therapeutic effect of Sodium Picosulfate. Management: Consider using an alternative product for bowel cleansing prior to a colonoscopy in patients who have recently used or are concurrently using an antibiotic. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Typhoid Vaccine: Antibiotics may diminish the therapeutic effect of Typhoid Vaccine. Only the live attenuated Ty21a strain is affected. Management: Avoid use of live attenuated typhoid vaccine (Ty21a) in patients being treated with systemic antibacterial agents. Postpone vaccination until 3 days after cessation of antibiotics and avoid starting antibiotics within 3 days of last vaccine dose. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
The manufacturer does not recommend use of the cream in women of childbearing potential unless the burn area covers >20% of the total body surface.
The manufacturer does not recommend use of the cream unless the benefits of treatment outweigh possible risks to the fetus.
Acid base balance, improvement of wound healing
As a sulfonamide, mafenide interferes with bacterial folic acid synthesis through competitive inhibition of para-aminobenzoic acid. Spectrum of activity encompasses both gram positive and negative organisms, including Pseudomonas and some anaerobes.
Absorption: Diffuses through devascularized areas and is rapidly absorbed from burned surface
Metabolism: To para-carboxybenzene sulfonamide; mafenide and metabolite are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Time to peak, serum: Cream 11%: 2 to 4 hours
Burn tissue: Cream 11%: 2 hours, Solution 5%: 4 hours
Excretion: Urine (as metabolites)
Cream (Sulfamylon External)
85 mg/g (per gram): $1.41
Pack (Mafenide Acetate External)
5% (per each): $160.79 - $233.07
Pack (Sulfamylon External)
5% (per each): $122.50
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