Patients treated with gilteritinib have experienced symptoms of differentiation syndrome, which can be fatal or life-threatening if not treated. Symptoms may include fever, dyspnea, hypoxia, pulmonary infiltrates, pleural or pericardial effusions, rapid weight gain or peripheral edema, hypotension, or renal dysfunction. If differentiation syndrome is suspected, initiate corticosteroid therapy and hemodynamic monitoring until symptom resolution.
Acute myeloid leukemia, relapsed or refractory, FLT3-positive: Oral: 120 mg once daily for a minimum of 6 months (to allow time for a clinical response) or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Missed doses: If a dose is missed, administer the missed dose as soon as possible on the same day (and at least 12 hours prior to the next scheduled dose). Return to the normal dosing schedule the following day; do not administer 2 doses within 12 hours.
Dosage adjustment for concomitant therapy: Significant drug interactions exist, requiring dose/frequency adjustment or avoidance. Consult drug interactions database for more information.
CrCl ≥30 mL/minute: There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling; however, mild or moderate renal impairment had no clinically meaningful effects on gilteritinib pharmacokinetics.
CrCl <30 mL/minute: There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling (has not been studied).
Mild or moderate impairment (Child-Pugh class A or B): There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling; however, mild or moderate hepatic impairment had no clinically meaningful effects on gilteritinib pharmacokinetics.
Severe impairment (Child-Pugh class C): There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling (has not been studied).
Refer to adult dosing.
Differentiation syndrome: If differentiation syndrome is suspected, administer systemic corticosteroids (dexamethasone 10 mg IV every 12 hours [or equivalent oral/IV corticosteroid]) for a minimum of 3 days and initiate hemodynamic monitoring until symptom resolution, and then taper corticosteroid. Interrupt gilteritinib therapy if severe signs/symptoms of differentiation syndrome continue for more than 48 hours after corticosteroid initiation. Resume gilteritinib when signs/symptoms improve to ≤ grade 2 (mild to moderate symptoms).
Pancreatitis: Interrupt gilteritinib; when pancreatitis is resolved, resume therapy at a reduced dose of 80 mg once daily.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: Discontinue gilteritinib.
QTc interval prolongation:
QTc interval >500 msec: Interrupt gilteritinib; when QTc interval returns to within 30 msec of baseline or ≤480 msec, resume therapy at a reduced dose of 80 mg once daily.
QTc interval increased by >30 msec on ECG on day 8 of cycle 1: Confirm with a repeat ECG on day 9. If confirmed, consider dose reduction to 80 mg once daily.
Other toxicity: ≥ Grade 3 toxicity (considered related to treatment): Interrupt gilteritinib; when toxicity resolves or improves to grade 1, resume therapy at a reduced dose of 80 mg once daily.
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Tablet, Oral, as fumarate:
Xospata: 40 mg
No
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Tablet, Oral:
Xospata: 40 mg
An FDA-approved patient medication guide, which is available with the product information and as follows, must be dispensed with this medication:
Xospata: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/211349s003lbl.pdf#page=18
Oral: Administer with or without food at approximately the same time each day. Do not break or crush the tablets.
This medication is not on the NIOSH (2016) list; however, it may meet the criteria for a hazardous drug. Gilteritinib may cause teratogenicity, reproductive toxicity, and has a structural and/or toxicity profile similar to existing hazardous agents.
Use appropriate precautions for receiving, handling, storage, preparation, dispensing, transporting, administration, and disposal. Follow NIOSH and USP 800 recommendations and institution-specific policies/procedures for appropriate containment strategy (NIOSH 2016; USP-NF 2020).
Note: Facilities may perform risk assessment of some hazardous drugs to determine if appropriate for alternative handling and containment strategies (USP-NF 2020). Refer to institution-specific handling policies/procedures.
Acute myeloid leukemia, relapsed or refractory: Treatment of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adult patients with an FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutation as detected by an approved test.
Gilteritinib may be confused with fedratinib, gefitinib, Gilotrif, glasdegib.
This medication is in a class the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) includes among its list of drug classes which have a heightened risk of causing significant patient harm when used in error.
The following adverse drug reactions and incidences are derived from product labeling unless otherwise specified. Adverse reactions reported in adults.
>10%:
Cardiovascular: Edema (40%), hypotension (22%)
Dermatologic: Skin rash (36%)
Endocrine & metabolic: Decreased serum phosphate (grades 3/4: 14%), decreased serum sodium (grades 3/4: 12%)
Gastrointestinal: Abdominal pain (18%), constipation (28%), diarrhea (35%), dysgeusia (11%), nausea (30%), stomatitis (41%; grades ≥3: 7%), vomiting (21%)
Hematologic & oncologic: Febrile neutropenia (17% to 27%; grades ≥3: 17% to 26%)
Hepatic: Increased serum alanine aminotransferase (grades 3/4: 13%), increased serum transaminases (51%)
Nervous system: Dizziness (22%), fatigue (≤44%), headache (24%), insomnia (15%), malaise (≤44%), neuropathy (18%)
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Arthralgia (≤50%), myalgia (≤50%)
Ophthalmic: Eye disease (25%)
Renal: Renal insufficiency (21%)
Respiratory: Cough (28%), dyspnea (35%)
Miscellaneous: Fever (41%)
1% to 10%:
Cardiovascular: Heart failure (4%), increased serum creatine kinase (grades 3/4: 6%), myocarditis (≤2%), pericardial effusion (4%), pericarditis (≤2%), prolonged QT interval on ECG (9%)
Dermatologic: Dermatologic disorder (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis: 3%)
Endocrine & metabolic: Decreased serum calcium (grades 3/4: 6%), increased serum triglycerides (grades 3/4: 6%)
Gastrointestinal: Gastrointestinal perforation (1%), pancreatitis (4% to 5%)
Hematologic & oncologic: Differentiation syndrome (3%)
Hepatic: Increased serum alkaline phosphatase (grades 3/4: 2%), increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (grades 3/4: 10%)
Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity reaction (8%; including anaphylaxis and angioedema)
Nervous system: Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (1%)
Renal: Increased serum creatinine (grades 3/4: 3%)
Hypersensitivity to gilteritinib or any component of the formulation.
Concerns related to adverse effects:
• Differentiation syndrome: Patients treated with gilteritinib have experienced symptoms of differentiation syndrome (rapid proliferation and differentiation of myeloid cells), which can be fatal or life-threatening if not treated. Concomitant acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis has been observed in some cases. The onset of differentiation syndrome (with or without concomitant leukocytosis) ranged from 1 to 82 days after gilteritinib initiation; the majority of patients who experienced this syndrome recovered after treatment or therapy interruption. If differentiation syndrome is suspected, administer dexamethasone 10 mg IV every 12 hours (or equivalent oral/IV corticosteroid) and monitor hemodynamics until improvement. Administer corticosteroids for a minimum of 3 days; once symptoms resolve, taper corticosteroid. Differentiation syndrome symptoms may recur if corticosteroids are discontinued early. If severe signs/symptoms of differentiation syndrome continue for more than 48 hours after corticosteroid initiation, interrupt gilteritinib therapy until symptoms are no longer severe.
• Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic reactions, have been observed.
• Pancreatitis: Pancreatitis has been reported. Evaluate for signs/symptoms of pancreatitis. May require therapy interruption and dosage reduction.
• Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) has been reported rarely. Symptoms included seizure and altered mental status, and have resolved after gilteritinib discontinuation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred diagnostic brain imaging; discontinue gilteritinib in patients who develop confirmed PRES.
• QTc interval prolongation: Prolonged cardiac ventricular repolarization (QT interval) has been reported with gilteritinib. A small percentage of patients in a clinical trial were found to have a QTc interval >500 msec; some patients had an increase from baseline >60 msec. Obtain an ECG prior to therapy initiation, on days 8 and 15 of cycle 1, and prior to the start of the next 2 subsequent treatment cycles. Hypokalemia and/or hypomagnesemia may increase the risk for QTc interval prolongation; correct electrolyte abnormalities prior to (and during) gilteritinib therapy. QTc interval prolongation may require therapy interruption and dosage reduction.
Other warnings/precautions:
• FLT3 mutation positivity: In the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia, gilteritinib is approved for use only in patients who are FLT3 mutation-positive in the blood or bone marrow (as detected by an approved test). Information on approved tests may be found at http://www.fda.gov/companiondiagnostics.
Substrate of CYP3A4 (major), P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 (minor); Note: Assignment of Major/Minor substrate status based on clinically relevant drug interaction potential
Amisulpride (Oral): May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Agents (Moderate Risk). Risk C: Monitor therapy
BCRP/ABCG2 Substrates BCRP/ABCG2 Substrates (Clinically Relevant with Inhibitors): Gilteritinib may increase the serum concentration of BCRP/ABCG2 Substrates BCRP/ABCG2 Substrates (Clinically Relevant with Inhibitors). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Citalopram: May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of Gilteritinib. Gilteritinib may diminish the therapeutic effect of Citalopram. Management: Avoid use of this combination if possible. If use is necessary, monitor for reduced response to citalopram and for QTc prolongation and arrhythmias. Patients with other risk factors may be at greater risk for these serious toxicities. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Clofazimine: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors). Risk C: Monitor therapy
CloZAPine: May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Kinase Inhibitors (Moderate Risk). Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CYP3A4 Inducers (Strong): May decrease the serum concentration of Gilteritinib. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate): May increase the serum concentration of Gilteritinib. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Strong): May increase the serum concentration of Gilteritinib. Management: Consider alternatives to the use of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor with gilteritinib. If the combination cannot be avoided, monitor more closely for evidence of gilteritinib toxicities. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Domperidone: QT-prolonging Agents (Moderate Risk) may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of Domperidone. Management: Consider alternatives to this drug combination. If combined, monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Doxepin-Containing Products: May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of Gilteritinib. Management: Patients with other risk factors (eg, older age, female sex, bradycardia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, heart disease, and higher drug concentrations) are likely at greater risk for these potentially life-threatening toxicities. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Erdafitinib: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Escitalopram: May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of Gilteritinib. Gilteritinib may diminish the therapeutic effect of Escitalopram. Management: Avoid use of this combination if possible. If use is necessary, monitor for reduced response to escitalopram and for QTc prolongation and arrhythmias. Patients with other risk factors may be at greater risk for these serious toxicities. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Fusidic Acid (Systemic): May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors). Risk X: Avoid combination
Haloperidol: QT-prolonging Kinase Inhibitors (Moderate Risk) may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of Haloperidol. Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Inducers of CYP3A4 (Moderate) and P-glycoprotein: May decrease the serum concentration of Gilteritinib. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Inducers of CYP3A4 (Strong) and P-glycoprotein: May decrease the serum concentration of Gilteritinib. Risk X: Avoid combination
Lefamulin: May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging CYP3A4 Substrates. Management: Do not use lefamulin tablets with QT-prolonging CYP3A4 substrates. Lefamulin prescribing information lists this combination as contraindicated. Risk X: Avoid combination
Levoketoconazole: QT-prolonging CYP3A4 Substrates may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of Levoketoconazole. Levoketoconazole may increase the serum concentration of QT-prolonging CYP3A4 Substrates. Risk X: Avoid combination
OCT1 Substrates: Gilteritinib may increase the serum concentration of OCT1 Substrates. Risk C: Monitor therapy
OLANZapine: May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Kinase Inhibitors (Moderate Risk). Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Ondansetron: May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Kinase Inhibitors (Moderate Risk). Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Pentamidine (Systemic): May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Kinase Inhibitors (Moderate Risk). Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor therapy
P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors): Gilteritinib may increase the serum concentration of P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Pimozide: May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Agents (Moderate Risk). Risk X: Avoid combination
Posaconazole: May increase the serum concentration of QT-prolonging CYP3A4 Substrates. Such increases may lead to a greater risk for proarrhythmic effects and other similar toxicities. Risk X: Avoid combination
QT-prolonging Agents (Highest Risk): Gilteritinib may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Agents (Highest Risk). Management: Consider alternatives to this combination. If use is necessary, monitor for QTc interval prolongation and arrhythmias. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
QT-prolonging Antipsychotics (Moderate Risk): May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Kinase Inhibitors (Moderate Risk). Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor therapy
QT-prolonging Class IC Antiarrhythmics (Moderate Risk): May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Kinase Inhibitors (Moderate Risk). Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor therapy
QT-prolonging Kinase Inhibitors (Moderate Risk): May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of other QT-prolonging Kinase Inhibitors (Moderate Risk). Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor therapy
QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk): QT-prolonging Kinase Inhibitors (Moderate Risk) may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk). Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor therapy
QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk): May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Kinase Inhibitors (Moderate Risk). QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk) may increase the serum concentration of QT-prolonging Kinase Inhibitors (Moderate Risk). Risk C: Monitor therapy
QT-prolonging Quinolone Antibiotics (Moderate Risk): May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Kinase Inhibitors (Moderate Risk). Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor therapy
QT-prolonging Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk): May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of Gilteritinib. QT-prolonging Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk) may increase the serum concentration of Gilteritinib. Management: Consider alternatives to the use of gilteritinib with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors that prolong the QTc interval whenever possible. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: Gilteritinib may diminish the therapeutic effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. Management: Avoid use of this combination if possible. If the combination cannot be avoided, monitor closely for evidence of reduced response to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Pregnancy status should be evaluated within 7 days prior to starting therapy in females of reproductive potential. Females of reproductive potential should use effective contraception during treatment and for at least 6 months after the last gilteritinib dose. Males with female partners of reproductive potential should use effective contraception during treatment and for at least 4 months after the last gilteritinib dose.
Based on the mechanism of action and information from animal reproductions studies, gilteritinib may cause fetal harm following maternal use during pregnancy.
It is not known if gilteritinib is present in breast milk.
Due to the potential for serious adverse reactions in a breastfed infant, breastfeeding is not recommended by the manufacturer during therapy and for at least 2 months after the last gilteritinib dose.
Blood counts and serum chemistries (including creatine phosphokinase) prior to therapy initiation, at least once weekly for the first month, once every other week for the second month, and once monthly thereafter; ECG prior to therapy initiation, on days 8 and 15 of cycle 1, and prior to the start of the next 2 subsequent cycles. Pregnancy test (within 7 days prior to starting gilteritinib treatment in females of reproductive potential). Monitor for signs/symptoms of differentiation syndrome, pancreatitis, and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Monitor adherence.
The American Society of Clinical Oncology hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening and management provisional clinical opinion (ASCO [Hwang 2020]) recommends HBV screening with hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B core antibody, total Ig or IgG, and antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen prior to beginning (or at the beginning of) systemic anticancer therapy; do not delay treatment for screening/results. Detection of chronic or past HBV infection requires a risk assessment to determine antiviral prophylaxis requirements, monitoring, and follow-up.
Gilteritinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor which inhibits multiple tyrosine kinases, such as FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3). Gilteritinib inhibits FLT3 receptor signaling and proliferation in cells expressing FLT3 (including FLT3-ITD), tyrosine kinase domain mutations (TKD) FLT3-D835Y and FLT3-ITD-D835Y; it induces apoptosis in FLT3-ITD-expressing leukemia cells.
Onset: Inhibition of FLT3 phosphorylation: Rapid (within 24 hours after the initial dose)
Distribution: Central: 1,092 L; Peripheral: 1,100 L
Protein binding: ~94% to human plasma proteins
Metabolism: Primarily hepatic via CYP3A4; primary human metabolites include M17 (formed via N-dealkylation and oxidation), M16 and M10 (both formed via N-dealkylation), none of which exceed 10% of overall parent exposure
Half-life elimination: 113 hours
Time to peak: ~4 to 6 hours
Excretion: Feces: 64.5%; Urine: 16.4% as unchanged drug and metabolites
Tablets (Xospata Oral)
40 mg (per each): $343.59
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