Introduction — This topic includes links to society and government-sponsored guidelines from selected countries and regions around the world. We will update these links periodically; newer versions of some guidelines may be available on each society's website. Some societies may require users to log in to access their guidelines.

The recommendations in the following guidelines may vary from those that appear in UpToDate topic reviews. Readers who are looking for UpToDate topic reviews should use the UpToDate search box to find the relevant content.

Links to related guidelines are provided separately. (See "Society guideline links: Osteoporosis" and "Society guideline links: Healthy diet in adults" and "Society guideline links: Healthy diet in children and adolescents" and "Society guideline links: Vitamin deficiencies" and "Society guideline links: Nutrition and supplements in pregnancy" and "Society guideline links: Pediatric bone health".)

International

●Global consensus recommendations on prevention and management of nutritional rickets (2016)

●Endocrine Society (ES): Clinical practice guideline on evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency (2011)

●World Health Organization (WHO): Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition, 2nd edition (2004)

Canada

●Choosing Wisely Canada: Don't routinely measure vitamin D in low risk adults (updated 2019)

●Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS): Position statement on vitamin D supplementation – Recommendations for Canadian mothers and infants (2007, reaffirmed 2017)

United States

●US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF): Final recommendation statement – Vitamin D, calcium, or combined supplementation for the primary prevention of fractures in community-dwelling adults: Preventive medication (2018)

●American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG): Committee opinion on vitamin D – Screening and supplementation during pregnancy (2011, reaffirmed 2017)

●Choosing Wisely: Avoid ordering vitamin D concentrations routinely in otherwise healthy children, including children who are overweight or obese (2017)

●American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP): Clinical report on optimizing bone health in children and adolescents (2014)

●North American Menopause Society (NAMS): Recommendations for clinical care of midlife women (2014)

●USPSTF: Final recommendation statement – Vitamin D deficiency in adults: Screening (2014)

●USPSTF: Final recommendation statement – Vitamin supplementation to prevent cancer and CVD – Preventive medication (2014)

●AAP: Clinical report on calcium and vitamin D requirements of enterally fed preterm infants (2013)

●Choosing Wisely: Don't perform population based screening for 25-OH-Vitamin D deficiency (2013)

●Choosing Wisely: Don't routinely measure 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D unless the patient has hypercalcemia or decreased kidney function (2013)

●National Academy of Sciences: Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D (2010)

●AAP: Clinical report on prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in infants, children, and adolescents (2008)

Europe

●European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP): Statement on vitamin D in European children (2017)

●European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN): Consensus statement on vitamin D in the healthy European paediatric population (2013)

United Kingdom

●National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE): COVID-19 rapid guideline – Vitamin D (2020)

●Choosing Wisely UK: British Society of Rheumatology – Recommendation 3: Everyone should consider vitamin D supplementation during winter (2018)

●NICE: Public health guideline on vitamin D – Supplement use in specific population groups (2014, updated 2017)

●NICE: Guideline on sunlight exposure – Risks and benefits (2016)

●Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN): Vitamin D and health (2016)

●NICE: Quality standard on maternal and child nutrition (2015)

●British Paediatric and Adolescent Bone Group (BPABG): Position statement on vitamin D deficiency (2012)

India

●Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP): Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of vitamin D and calcium deficiency in children and adolescents (2017)

Australia-New Zealand

●Choosing Wisely Australia: Do not perform population based screening for Vitamin D deficiency

●Department of Health, Government of South Australia (SA Health): South Australian Perinatal Practice Guideline – Vitamin D status in pregnancy (2019)

●Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia (RCPA): Position statement on the use and interpretation of vitamin D testing (2013, reviewed 2019)

●Osteoporosis Australia (OA): Statement on calcium and vitamin D for bone health in Australian adult populations (updated 2018)

●SA Health: South Australian Paediatric Clinical Practice Guidelines – Vitamin D deficiency in children (2018)

●Australasian Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (AuSPEN): Adult vitamin guidelines for parenteral nutrition (2016)

●SA Health: South Australian perinatal practice guidelines – Vitamin and mineral supplementation in pregnancy (2015)

●Australian and New Zealand Bone and Mineral Society (ANZBMS): Vitamin D and health in pregnancy, infancy, children and adolescents in Australia and New Zealand – A position statement (2013)

●ANZBMS, Endocrine Society of Australia (ESA) and OA: Vitamin D and health in adults in Australia and New Zealand – A position statement (2012)

Japan

●[In Japanese] Choosing Wisely Japan: Testing for vitamin D – When necessary and not necessary (2016, updated 2018)

●[In English] Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Japan, the Japanese Society for Bone and Mineral Research (JSBMR), and the Japan Endocrine Society (JES): Proposal by an expert panel on the pathogenesis and diagnostic criteria for rickets and osteomalacia (2015)